Effects of Varying Storage Conditions on the Vigour of Fresh Seeds of Ekebergia capensis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2200/aerj.v3i2.172Keywords:
Ekebergia capensis, Seed Vigour, Moisture Content, Storage Temperature, Storage PeriodAbstract
Ekebergia capensis is a popular indigenous tree valued for its medicinal uses. However, it is an endangered tree species because of overexploitation and its slow regeneration rate in nature. Production of this tree is through seedlings from seeds with desirable vigour. There is limited knowledge on post-harvest storage of seeds of Ekebergia capensis without significant loss of seed vigor. This study was conducted in order to establish optimum storage conditions and period of storage of fresh seeds. This study investigated the effects of different moisture contents (MC) and storage temperature regimes on seed vigour loss of E. capensis seeds for a period 90 days. The fresh seeds were dried to three moisture contents (MC) (15%, 25% and 35%) and three storage temperature regimes (-5 o C, 10 o C and 25 o C) for a period of 30, 60 and 90 days. The stored seeds were retrieved at an interval of 30 days for vigour tests. Data analysis was carried using GLM statistical Model (GenSTAT.16) version. Findings from current study revealed that E. capensis seeds with higher moisture content of 35% stored across the tested temperature regimes viz: -5 o C, 10 o C and 25 o C maintained significantly higher vigour compared to other seeds with lower moisture content (25% and 15%) stored across all temperature regimes. Furthermore, seeds with 35% MC stored at 10 o C retained the highest vigour as storage period progressed to 90 days. A positive correlation existed between seed vigour and MC. Seed vigour decreased in the order of 35%>25%>15% MC. This study recommends that fresh seeds of E. capensis can be desiccated to a moisture content of 35 % and stored at 10 o C for 30 days without significant loss of vigor.
References
Abbas, F. A., IsHak, J. A., Kreuze, J. F., Johansson, A., Mukasa, S. B., Tairo, F. & Valkonen, J. P. T. (2003). Some molecular characteristics of three viruses from SPVD-affected sweet potato plants in Egypt. Archives of Virology, 148(12), 2449-2460.
Abiot, Y., Moriyasu, M., Ichimaru, M., Kato, A., Mathenge, S. G., Nganga, J. N. & Juma, F. D. (2018). Absolute configurations of two acyclic triterpenoids from Ekebergia capensis. Phytochemistry, 52(8), 1593-1596.
Agha, S. K., Oad, F. C. & Buriro, U. A. (2004). Yield and yield components of inoculated and un-inoculated soybean under varying Nitrogen levels. Asian J. Plant Sci., 3(3), 370-371.
Alpert, P. & Oliver, M. J. (2002). Drying without dying. Desiccation and survival in plants: drying without dying. Wallingford: CABI Publishing.
Arbonnier, M. (2004). Trees, Shrubs and Lianas of West African dry zones.
Baxter, K. N. (2004). The genus Syzygium: Syzygium cumini and other underutilized species. CRC Press.
Bekele, T. (2007). Floristics and phytogeographic synopsis of a Dry Afromontane coniferous forest in the Bale Mountains (Ethiopia): implications to biodiversity conservation. SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science, 30(1), 1-12.
Bentley R. (Ed.). (2010). Medicinal plants. London: Domville-Fife Press.
Castro, R. D., Bradford, K. J. & Hilhorst, H. W. M. (2004). Embebição e reativação do
Crawford, A. & Monks, L. (2009). The road to recovery: The contribution of seed conservation and reintroduction to species recovery in Western Australia. Australasian Plant Conservation: Journal of the Australian Network for Plant Conservation, 17(4), 15.
Desai, A. & Mitchison, T. J. (1997). Microtubule polymerization dynamics. Annual review of cell and developmental biology, 13(1), 83-117.
Gold, K. & Hay, F. (2007). Equilibrating seeds to specific moisture levels. Technical Information Sheet_09, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, UK.
Hong, T. D. & Ellis, R. H. (1996). A protocol to determine seed storage behaviour (No. 1). Bioversity International.
https://mapcarta.com/12745152.(Accessed on 25.03.2019).
ISTA (2012). International rules for seed testing, edition 2012. Int. Seed Test. Assoc., Bassersdorf, Switzerland
Kamadyaapa, D. R., Gondwe, M. M., Moodley, K., Musabayane, C. T. & Ojewole, J. A. (2009). Cardiovascular effects of Ekebergia capensis Sparrm (Meliaceae) ethanolic leaf extract in experimental animal paradigms. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 20(3), 162.
Kermode, A. R. & Finch-Savage, B. E. (2002). Desiccation sensitivity in orthodox and recalcitrant seeds in relation to development. Desiccation and survival in plants: Drying without dying, 149-184.
Kirsten O., Ulrich, V., Morten, G., Kyvik, J. O. & Michael, B. R. (1999). The inheritance of migraine with aura estimated by means of structural equation modelling. Journal of Medical Genetics, 36(3), 225-227.
Koch, H. M., Bolt, H. M., Preuss, R., Eckstein, R., Weisbach, V. & Angerer, J. (2005). Intravenous exposure to di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP): Metabolites of DEHP in urine after a voluntary platelet donation. Archives of Toxicology, 79(12), 689-693.
Kokwaro, J. O. (1976). Medicinal plants of east Africa.
Kolotelo., Sisodia, A., Padhi, M., Pal, A. K., Barman, K. & Singh, A. K. (2001). Seed Priming on Germination, Growth and Flowering in Flowers and Ornamental Trees. In Advances in Seed Priming (pp. 263-288). Springer, Singapore.
Komakech, A. J., Dalahmeh, S., Tirgani, S., Niwagaba, C. B. & Ahrens, L. (2018). Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water, soil and plants in wetlands and agricultural areas in Kampala, Uganda. Science of the Total Environment, 631, 660-667.
Krueger, K., Goggi, A. S., Mullen, R. E. & Mallarino, A. P. (2012). Phosphorus and potassiumfertilization do not affect soybean storability. Journal of Agronomy, 104, 405-414.
Laca, A., Mousia, Z., Dı́az, M., Webb, C. & Pandiella, S. S. (2006). Distribution of microbial contamination within cereal grains. Journal of Food Engineering, 72(4), 332-338.
Lang, Q. & Wai, C. M. (2001). Supercritical fluid extraction in herbal and natural product studies—a practical review. Talanta, 53(4), 771-782.
Lewis, E. J. (2002) A study of some chilling responses of recalcitrant seeds of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. and Ekebergia capensis Sparrm.
Liu, W. J., Tan, J. W. & Bai, K. J. (2001). Microclimate edge effects within and between Shorea chinensis fragments in Xishuangbanna. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica 25, 616–622 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Luo, Y., Guan, Y. J., Huang, Y. T., Li, J., Li, Z. & Hu, J. (2015). Single counts of radicle emergence provide an alternative method to test seed vigour in sweet corn. Seed Science and Technology, 43(3), 519-525.
Mairura, F. S. (2008). Ekebergia capensis Sparrm. In Louppe, D., Oteng-Amoako, A.A. & Brink, M. (Eds.). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. Accessed 25, March. 2019.
Martin R. B. & White, P. J. (2003). Calcium in plants. Annals of Botany, 92(4), 487-511. Maroyi A. (2013). Warburgia salutaris (Bertol. f.) Chiov.: A multi-use ethnomedicinal plant species. J Med Plant Res, 7, 53–60.
McDonald, B. A., & Linde, C. (1999). The population genetics of plant pathogens and breeding strategies for durable resistance in capensis seeds Euphytica, 124(2), 163-180.
Murata, T., Miyase, T., Muregi, F. W., Naoshima-Ishibashi, Y., Umehara, K., Warashina, T. & Ishih, A. (2008). Antiplasmodial triterpenoids from Ekebergia capensis. Journal of natural products, 71(2), 167-174.
Pammenter, N. W., Berjak, P., Farrant, J. M., Smith, M. T. & Ross, G. (1994). Why do stored hydrated recalcitrant seeds die? Seed Science Research, 4(2), 187-191. Orwa, C., Mutua, A., Kindt, R., Jamnadass, R. & Anthony, S. (2009).
Agroforestree Database: A tree reference and selection guide (Version 4.0). Kenya: World Agroforestry Centre.
Pammenter, N. W. & Berjak, P. (2013). Physiology of desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds and the implications for cryopreservation. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 175(1), 21-28.
Patil, S. G., avishankar, G., Hebbara, M. & Dasar, G. V., (1997). Conjunctive Use of Saline Water on Growth and Yield of Cotton. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 18(2), 302-305.
Paton, A. J., Brummitt, N., Govaerts, R., Harman, K., Hinchcliffe, S., Allkin, B. & Lughadha, E. N. (2008). Towards Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation: a working list of all known plant species—progress and prospects. Taxon, 57(2), 602-611.
Perry, D. A. (1984). Commentary on ISTA Vigour Test Committee Collaborative Trial. Seed Sci.Technl.,12, 301-308.
Prota, A., Bossio, A., Fabbrocino, F., Monetta, T., Lignola, G. P., Manfredi, G. & Bellucci, F. (2019). Corrosion effects on seismic capacity of reinforced concrete structures. Corrosion Reviews, 37(1), 45-56.
Radhamani., S. P., Radhamani A., Rajendra, M., Michael, S., & Yule, L. (2003). Virus-induced gene silencing. In Plant Functional Genomics, pp. 287-293. Humana Press.
Savage, W. E. & George, W. B. (2015). Seed vigour and crop establishment: Extending performance beyond adaptation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 67(3), 567-591. Scott-Shaw, C. R. (1999). Rare and threatened plants of KwaZulu-Natal and neighbouring Regions. Pietermaritzburg: KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation Service.
Shaw, K. (2015). Encouraging and enabling a science-based approach to ecological restoration: an introduction to the work of the Ecological Restoration Alliance of Botanic Gardens (ERA). Sibbaldia: The Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, 13, 145-152.
Sivritepe, H. O. (2012). Assessment of seed vigour. Alatarım, 11(2), 33-44. Taiz, L. & Zeiger, E. (2009). Fisiologia Vegetal (4th Ed.). Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Tang, Y., Sheng, C., Cao, M. & Zhang, J. (2000). Viable seeds buried in the tropical forest soils of Xishuangbanna, SW China. Seed Science Research, 10(3), 255-264.
Thomsen, S. J., Markham, K. R., Andary, C. & Cardon, D. (2000). The photostabilities of naturally occurring 5-hydroxyflavones, flavonols, their glycosides and their aluminium complexes. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 136(1-2), 87-91.
Van Wyk, B. E., Oudtshoorn, B. V. & Gericke, N. (1997). Medicinal Plants of South Africa. Briza.
Vertucci, C. W. & Roos, E. E. (1993). Theoretical basis of protocols for seed storage II. The influence of temperature on optimal moisture levels. Seed Science Research, 3(3), 201-213.
Walters, D. R. (2005). Are plants in the field already induced? Implications for practical disease control. Crop Protection, 28(6), 459-465.
Weinberg, H. E., Peter, R., Stamp, P. & Hund, A. (2008). Genetic diversity of Swiss maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) assessed with individuals and bulks on agarose gels. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 55(7), 971-983.
Zedan, H. (2005). The role of the convention on biological diversity and its protocol on biosafety in fostering the conservation and sustainable use of the world’s biological wealth for socio-economic and sustainable development. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 32(11-12), 496-501.
