Taxonomy and Diversity of Vascular Plant Species in Cherangani Forest of Marakwet West in Kenya

Authors

  • J. O. Makokha Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.o Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya
  • E. W. Njenga Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.o Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya
  • I. Malombe Botany Department, National Museums of Kenya
  • B. K. Wanjohi Department of Wildlife Management, School of Natural Resources, University of Eldoret, P.o Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2200/aerj.v5i2.264

Keywords:

Taxonomy, Diversity, Vascular Plant Species, Cherangani Forest, Marakwet West

Abstract

The availability of accurate and sufficient information on plant taxonomic groups and similarity measures is crucial for making informed conservation decisions. In many forests, due to human population pressure, many species face the risk of extinction, some of which could be possessing solutions to numerous problems facing mankind. However, due to inaccessibility caused by extreme isolation and harsh conditions, little research has been done in this field on plants in Cherangani forest station. This study focused on the numbers of various plant taxa and their distribution in Cherangani done in blocks with a view of developing a management database. Standard botanical inventory and Herbarium protocols were used and analysed using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Eight hundred and fifteen (815) species in 129 families and 450 genera respectively were identified. This is an indication that this flora is one of the richest in the country hence a priority conservation spot. Additionally, the blocks vary in species numbers and growth forms, therefore, necessitating varied management.

References

Abayneh, U. G., Solomon, M. T., & Fisha, M. N. (2017). Biodiversity conservation using the indigenous knowledge system: The priority agenda in the case of Zeyse, Zergula and Ganta communities in Gamo Gofa Zone (Southern Ethiopia). International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 9(6), 167–182. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2015.0911

Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013). Upland Kenya Wild Flowers and Ferns A flora of the flowers, ferns, grasses and sedges of highland Kenya. Third completely revised edition. Nature Kenya-The East Africa

Natural History Society. P.O Box 44486 GP, Nairobi 000100 Kenya.

Aggemyr, E., Auffret, A. G., Jädergård, L., & Cousins, S. A. O. (2018). Species richness and composition differ in response to landscape and biogeography. Landscape Ecology, 33(12), 2273–2284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-018-0742-9

Aigbokhan, E. (2014). Annotated Checklist of Vascular Plants of Southern Nigeria. University of Benin (Uniben) Press. https://doi.org/10.13140/rg.2.1.1604.0808

Althof, A. J. (2005). Human impact on flora and vegetation of Kakamega Forest, Kenya: Structure, distribution and disturbance of plant communities in an East African rainforest (Doctoral dissertation, Koblenz, Landau (Pfalz), Univ., Abt. Koblenz, Diss., 2005).

Balke, M., Schmidt, S., Hausmann, A., Toussaint, E. F., Bergsten, J., Buffington, M., Häuser, C. L., Kroupa, A., Hagedorn, G., Riedel, A., Polaszek, A., Ubaidillah, R., Krogmann, L., Zwick, A., Fikáček, M.,

Hájek, J., Michat, M. C., Dietrich, C., La Salle, J., …& Hobern, D. (2013). Biodiversity into your hands—A call for a virtual global natural history ‘metacollection.’ Frontiers in Zoology, 10(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-10-55

Bascompte, J., & Rodriguez, M. A. (2001). Habitat patchiness and plant species richness. Ecology Letters, 4(5), 417–420. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00242.x

Boehmer, H. J. (2011). Vulnerability of Tropical Montane Rain Forest Ecosystems due to Climate Change. In H. G. Brauch, Ú. Oswald Spring, C. Mesjasz, J. Grin, P. Kameri-Mbote, B. Chourou, P.

Dunay, & J. Birkmann (Eds.), Coping with Global Environmental Change, Disasters and Security (Vol. 5, pp. 789–802). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17776-7_46

Bruijnzeel, L. A., Scatena, F. N., & Hamilton, L. S. (2011). Tropical Montane Cloud Forests: Science for Conservation and Management. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511778384

Brusati, E. D., Johnson, D. W., & DiTomaso, J. M. (2014). Predicting invasive plants in California. California Agriculture, 68(3), 89–95. https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v068n03p89

Bytebier, B. (2008). Flora of Tropical East Africa. Journal of East African Natural History, 97(2), 259-260.

Chaturvedi, R. K., & Raghubanshi, A. S. (2014). Species Composition, Distribution, and Diversity of Woody Species in a Tropical Dry Forest of India. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 33(8), 729–756. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2014.925402

Christenhusz, M. J. M., & Byng, J. W. (2016a). The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa, 261(3), 201. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1

Cook, B. G., Agricultural consultant, Westlake, Qld, Australia., Schultze-Kraft, R., & Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia. (2015). Botanical name changes—Nuisance or a quest for precision? Tropical Grasslands - Forrajes Tropicales, 3(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.17138/TGFT(3)34-40

Coria, J., & Sterner, T. (2011). Natural Resource Management: Challenges and Policy Options. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 3(1), 203–230. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-083110-120131

Fikadu, E., Melesse, M., & Wendawek, A. (2014). Floristic composition, diversity and vegetation structure of woody plant communities in Boda dry evergreen Montane Forest, West Showa, Ethiopia. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 6(5), 382–391. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2014.0703

Fischer, E., Rembold, K., Althof, A., Obholzer, J., Malombe, I., Mwachala, G., Onyango, J. C., Dumbo, B., & Theisen, I. (2010). Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Kakamega Forest, Western Province, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History, 99(2), 129–226. https://doi.org/10.2982/028.099.0205

Gastauer, M., & Meira Neto, J. A. A. (2017). Updated angiosperm family tree for analyzing phylogenetic diversity and community structure. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 31(2), 191–198. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062016abb0306

Gillison, A. N. (2006). A Field Manual for Rapid Vegetation Classification and Survey for general purposes. 85.

Gonçalves, F. M. P., & Goyder, D. J. (2016). A brief botanical survey into Kumbira forest, an isolated patch of Guineo-Congolian biome. PhytoKeys, 65, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.65.8679

Girma, A., Fischer, E., & Dumbo, B. (2014). Vascular Plant Diversity and Community Structure of Nandi Forests, Western Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History, 103(2), 125-152

Goldblatt, P., & Manning, J. C. (2002). Plant Diversity of the Cape Region of Southern Africa. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 89(2), 281. https://doi.org/10.2307/3298566

Groom, Q. J., & Whild, S. J. (2017). Characterisation of false-positive observations in botanical surveys. PeerJ, 5, e3324. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3324

Kew, R. (n.d.). Flora of Tropical East Africa completed. 8.

KIFCON (1994), Kakamega Forest - The official guide, Kenya Indigenous Forest Conservation Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.

Kindt, R., Københavns Universitet, & Institut for Geovidenskab og Naturforvaltning. (2014). Potential natural vegetation of Eastern Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia). Volume 9 Volume 9. Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen.

Kipkoech, S, Melly, D. K., Muema, B. W., Wei, N., Kamau, P., Kirika, P. M., Wang, Q. F., Hu, G. W. (2020). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Aberdare Ranges Forest, a part of Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot. PhytoKeys 149: 1–88. https://doi.org/10.3897/phy¬tokeys.149.48042

Lastrucci, L., Foggi, B., Ferretti, G., Guidi, T., Geri, F., & Viciani, D. (2014). The influence of taxonomic revisions on species distribution assessment: The case of three Asplenium species on Tuscan ultramafic soils. Webbia, 69(2), 295–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2014.955961

Masters, J. (2014). Invasive plants as drivers and passengers of community change in a disturbed urban forest. [University of Louisville]. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/914

Mbuni, Y. M., Zhou, Y., Wang, S., Ngumbau, V. M., Musili, P. M., Mutie, F. M., Njoroge, B., Kirika, P. M., Mwachala, G., Vivian, K., Rono, P. C., Hu, G., & Wang, Q. (2019). An annotated checklist of vascular plants of Cherangani hills, Western Kenya. PhytoKeys, 120, 1–90. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.120.30274

Musila, W., Kirika, P., Kimme, J., Chesire, C., Malombe, I., Musila, W., ... & Mwachala, G. (2011). Plant species composition and diversity in South/North Nandi and Cherangani Hills forests. Strengthening the Protected Area Network within the Eastern Montane Forest Hotspot of Kenya: A rapid biodiversity survey of Nandi Hills and Cherangani Hills Forests. Nature Kenya, 12-22.

Mutangah, J. G. (1994). The Vegetation of Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya: A Synopsis Of The Vegetation Types With Annotated Species List. Journal of East African Natural History, 83(1), 71–96. https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(1994)83[71:TVOLNN]2.0.CO;2

Panda, P. C., Mahapatra, A. K., Acharya, P. K., & Debata, A. K. (n.d.). Plant diversity in tropical deciduous forests of Eastern Ghats, India: A landscape level assessment. 15.

Phongoudome, C., Park, P. S., Kim, H.-S., Sawathvong, S., Dae, Y., Combalicer, M. S., & Ho, W. M. (2013). Changes in stand structure and environmental conditions of a mixed deciduous forest after logging and shifting cultivation in Lao PDR. Asia Life Sciences, 20.

Plas, F., Ratcliffe, S., Ruiz‐Benito, P., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Verheyen, K., Wirth, C., Zavala, M. A., Ampoorter, E., Baeten, L., Barbaro, L., Bastias, C. C., Bauhus, J., Benavides, R., Benneter, A., Bonal, D.,

Bouriaud, O., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Carnol, M., … Allan, E. (2018). Continental mapping of forest ecosystem functions reveals a high but unrealised potential for forest multifunctionality. Ecology Letters, 21(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12868

Puppo, P. (2014). Revision of the Calceolaria tripartita s. L. Species complex (Calceolariaceae) using multivariate analyses of morphological characters. Phytotaxa, 167(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.167.1.3

Rabeler, R. K., Svoboda, H. T., Thiers, B., Prather, L. A., Macklin, J. A., Lagomarsino, L. P., Majure, L. C., & Ferguson, C. J. (2019). Herbarium Practices and Ethics, III. Systematic Botany, 44(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364419X697840

Raimondo, D. (2015). South Africa’s strategy for plant conservation. South African National Biodiversity Institute & Botanical Society of South Africa.

Rakotoarisoa, N. R. [VNV], Loizeau, P.-André.-, Palese, Raoul.-, UNESCO, & Conférence internationale. (2016). Botanists of the twenty first century: Roles, challenges and opportunities : Based on the proceedings of UNESCO International conference, 22 - 25 September 2014, Paris, France = Quels botanistes pour le 21e siècle ? : métiers, enjeux et opportunités : basé sur les actes de la Conférence internationale de l’UNESCO, Septembre 2014, Paris, France.

Rouhan, G., & Gaudeul, M. (2014). Plant Taxonomy: A Historical Perspective, Current Challenges, and Perspectives. In P. Besse (Ed.), Molecular Plant Taxonomy (Vol. 1115, pp. 1–37). Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-767-9_1

Sharma, N., & Kant, S. (2014). Vegetation structure, floristic composition and species diversity of woody plant communities in sub-tropical Kandi Siwaliks of Jammu, J & K, India. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4), 382. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v3i4.3323

Sosef, M., Degreef, J., Engledow, H., & Meerts, P. (2020). Botanical classification and nomenclature—An introduction. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3706707

Sosef, M. S. M., Dauby, G., Blach-Overgaard, A., van der Burgt, X., Catarino, L., Damen, T., Deblauwe,

V., Dessein, S., Dransfield, J., Droissart, V., Duarte, M. C., Engledow, H., Fadeur, G., Figueira, R., Gereau, R. E., Hardy, O. J., Harris, D. J., de Heij, J., Janssens, S., … Couvreur, T. L. P. (2017). Exploring the floristic diversity of tropical Africa. BMC Biology, 15(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-017-0356-8

Spracklen, D. V., & Righelato, R. (2014). Tropical montane forests are a larger than expected global carbon store. Biogeosciences, 11(10), 2741–2754. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2741-2014

State of the World’s Plants and Fungi 2020. (n.d.). 100.

Tenzin, J., & Hasenauer, H. (2016). Tree species composition and diversity in relation to anthropogenic disturbances in broad-leaved forests of Bhutan. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2016.1206038

The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385

The State of the World’s Forests 2020 (2020). FAO and UNEP. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8642en.

Zhou, Y. (2017). Vascular flora of Kenya, based on the Flora of Tropical East Africa. 15.

Zhu, H., Yong, C., Zhou, S., Wang, H., & Yan, L. (2015). Vegetation, Floristic Composition and Species Diversity in a Tropical Mountain Nature Reserve in Southern Yunnan, SW China, with Implications for Conservation. Tropical Conservation Science, 8(2), 528–546. https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291500800216

Downloads

Published

2022-11-19

How to Cite

Makokha, J. O. ., Njenga, E. W. ., Malombe, I. ., & Wanjohi, B. K. . (2022). Taxonomy and Diversity of Vascular Plant Species in Cherangani Forest of Marakwet West in Kenya. Africa Environmental Review Journal, 5(2), Pg 207–221. https://doi.org/10.2200/aerj.v5i2.264