The Potential Use of Rabbit Urine as a Bio Fertilizer Foliar Feed in Crop Production
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2200/aerj.v4i1.122Keywords:
Rabbit Urine Biomass Yield on Crops Rabbit urine, yield, CF, Bio-fertilizerAbstract
An experiment was conducted in C.I.T.C Kapsabet College in Nandi Central District-Nandi County. The objective was to determine the potential use of rabbit urine as a foliar feed fertilizer in crops. Rabbit urine was collected from a gutter fitted to a slatted floor rabbit hutch and two replicate samples of concentrated urine 1000 mls each was collected and taken to National Agricultural research laboratory (NARL) - Kabete for nutrient urinalysis test. Two samples of the control (commercial foliar feed fertilizer -CF) was also taken to NARL for nutrient analysis. Other 50 mls. Samples were collected in duplicate and diluted at 0% (neat urine-F0%), 25%(F-25%) and 75%(F-75%). Two samples of the control commercial fertilizer (CF) 100 mls. were diluted at the recommended rate of 5mls. Per liter were also collected and taken to the same laboratory. Data on rabbit urine laboratory nutrient analysis results and were recorded and the results indicated that rabbit urine has better nutrients than the commercial (control-CF) fertilizer which was used in comparison, e.g. nitrogen%, phosphorus%, potassium% and calcium% were 1.05, 0.01, 0.85, 0.12 respectively and that the higher calcium levels in the rabbit urine gives better structural support to plants, hence better lodging control especially in cereals e.g.in oats as was observed in this experiment. The commercial fertilizer had N.P.K and calcium percentages of 0.70, 0.02, 0.02 and 0.002 respectively. The Ph for rabbit urine of 8.5 was Basic while commercial fertilizer was 5.0 (acidic).
References
Adamtey, N. (2016). Researchers root for farming with less use of chemical; Smart Harvest July, 9th 2016. p. 23.
Ayiga-Aluba, J., Edema, R., Tusiime, G., Asea, G. and Gibson, P. (2015). Response to two cycles of S1 recurrent selection for turcicum leave blight in an open pollinated maize variety population (Longe 5), Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., 2015, 6(12):4-12.
Bedada, W., Karitun, E., Lemenih, M. and Tolera, M. (2014). Long-term addition of compost and NP fertilizer increases crop yield and improves soil quality in experiments on smallholder farms, Agriculture, ecosystems & environment Vol. 195, 1 October 2014, pp 193-201.
Chaudhary, M. I., Adu-Gyamfi, J. J., Saneoka, H., Nguyen, N. T., Suwa, R., Kanai, S. and Fujita, K. (2008). The effect of phosphorus deficiency on nutrient uptake, nitrogen fixation and photosynthetic rate in mashbean, mungbean and soybean. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 30(4), 537-544.
Esilaba, A. O., Ayuke, F. O., Nguluu, S. N. and Gikonyo, E. (2016). Field and Laboratory Research Manual for Integrated Soil Fertility Management In Kenya: Kenya.
Fletcher, A. P., Neuberger A., Ratcliffe W. A. and Tamm-Horsfall (1970). Urinary glycoprotein: The subunit structure. Biochem J. Nov;120 (2):425–432. [PMC free article][PubMed].
Forster, D., Andres, C., Verma, R., Zundel, C., Messmer, M. M. and Mader, P. (2013). Yield and Economic Performance of Organic and Conventional Cotton-Based Farming Systems – Results from a Field Trial in India, Vetarans Disability and Rehabilitation Research Doi.org/10.137 /journal.pone.0081039.
Godfray, C., Pretty, J., Muir, F. J. and Robinson, S. (2010). Food Security: The Challenge of Feeding 9 Billion People, Science 327, 812 (2010); Doi.1126/science 1185383.
Huang, D., Gong, X., Liu, Y., Zeng, G., Lai, C., Bashir, H. and Wan, J. (2017). Effects of calcium at toxic concentrations of cadmium in plants. Planta, 245 (5), 863-873.
Ichami, M. S., Keith, D. S., Hoffland, E., Karuku, N. G. and Stoorvoget, J. J. (2020). Soil Spatial Variation to guide the Development of Fertilizer Use Recommendations for Smallholder Farms in wester Kenya. Geoderma regional V0l. 22, September 2020, ee00300.
L'hirondel, J. (2002). Nitrate and man: toxic, harmless or beneficial? CABI.
Li, H. F., Gray, C., Mico, C., Zhao, F. J. and McGrath, S. P. (2009). Phytotoxicity and bioavailability of cobalt to plants in a range of soils. Chemosphere, 75 (7), 979-986.
Makone, M. S., Basweti, E. and Ngeywo, C. J. (2015). Farmers’ Response to Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Utilization on Maize Cropping Systems in Kisii County, Kenya, International Journal of Plant & Soil Science6(1): 26-33, 2015; Article no. IJPSS.2015.094 ISSN: 2320-7035.
Mengel, K., Kirkby, E. A., Kosegarten, H. and Appel, T. (2001). Nitrogen. In Principles of plant nutrition (pp. 397-434). Springer
Dordrecht.Morris, M., Kelly, V. A., Kopicki, R. J. and Byerlee, D. (2007). Fertilizer use in African agriculture: Lessons learned and good practice guidelines. The World Bank.
Muhati, S. I., Shepherd, K. D., Sila, A. and Stoorvogel, J. (2018). Fertilizer response and nitrogen use efficiency in Africa smallholder maize farm, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 113 (1).Mumo, L., Yu, J. and Fang, K. (2018). Assessing Impacts of Seasonal Climate Variability on Maize Yield in Kenya, International Journal of Plant Production pp 297–307(2018).
Mutai, F. K., Kasili, R. W., Mamati, E. G., Mwangi, J. M. and Auma, S. A. (2018). Assessment of Relationship Between BodyWeight and Biometric Traits using Path Analysis in Kenya Domesticated Rabbits, Journal of Biology, agriculture and Healthcare Vol. 8; No. 8, 2018.
Onono, A. P., Wawire, N. W. H. and Ombuki, C. (2013). The Response of Maize Production in Kenya to Economic incentives; InternationalJournal of Development and Sustainability Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013).
Rama, L., Sreelatha, T., Usha Rani, T., Rao, S. R. K. and Naidu, N. V. (2011). Effect Of Organic Manures On Soil Fertility And Productivity Of Sugarcane In North Coastal Zone Of Andhra Pradesh Article Id: ARCC760 | Page: 307 – 313.
Savari, M. and Gharechaee, H. (2020). Application of the extended theory of planned behavior to predict Iranian farmers’ intention for safe use of chemical fertilizers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 263, 121512.
Serem, J. K., Wanyoike, M. M., Gachuiri, C. K., Mailu, S. K., Gathumbi, P. K., Mwanza, R. N., Kiarie, N. and Borter, D. K. (2016). Characterization of Rabbit Production Systems in Kenya, Journal of Agricultural Science and Applications (J. Agric. Sci. Appl.) Vol. 2, Issue 3 Sep. 2013 PP. 155-159 DOI: 10.14511/jasa.2013.020304.
Silah, K. (2016). The Standard; Eldoret Fertilizer plants Opens on Thursday.
Studer, C., Augstburger, H., Godfred, O. B. K. and Rupela, O. (2014). What is the contribution of organic agriculture to sustainable development? Long-term farming systems comparisons in the tropics.
Sunandra, K., Mudra, N. L. K. and Wirajaya, N. M. (2019). Response to growth and yield of melon plant (Cucumis Melo L.) in the giving of rabbit Urine and KNO3, Sustainable Environmental Agricultural Science, Vol.3. No. 3, October 2019, pp. 106-112.
Vanlauwe, B., AbdelGadir, A. H., Adewopo, J., Adjei-Nsiah, S., AmpaduBoakye, T. (2017). Looking back and moving forward: 50 years of soil and soil fertility management research in sub-Saharan Africa, International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 15:6, 613-631, DOI: 10.1080/14735903.2017.1393038.
Vennen, K. M. and Mitchell, M. A. (2009). Rabbits. Manual of Exotic Pet Practice 2009: 375-405; Doi: 10. 1016/B978-141600119-5.50017-2.
Wamalwa, D. S. (2018) Effect of NPOK blended fertilizer application on Soil PhysicoChemical Properties, Growth, Physiology and Yield of Two finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) Varieties Grown in Acidic Soils of Kakamega Western Kenya. https://repository.maseno.ac.k/handle/123456789/861 Date 15/12/2020
Wandita, T. G. and Fitriyanto, N. U. (2016). Quality of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Rabbit’s Urine with The Addition of Nitrifying Bacteria, Urea, and Leucaena leucocephala, Conference Proceedings; pp 676-684. http.www.aaap2016.jp; Dateaccessed 15/12/2020.
Wang, J., Chen, S., Li, Z., Li, G. and Liu, XZ. (2020). Recent Advances in Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia through Nitrogen Reduction under Ambient Conditions, ChemElectroChem, Vol. 7. Issue 5 March 2 2020 pp 1067-1079.
Wu, P., Shou, H., Xu, G. and Lian, X. (2013). Improvement of phosphorus efficiency in rice on the basis of understanding phosphate signaling and homeostasis. Current opinion in plant biology, 16 (2), 205-212.
Zahedi, H. (2016). Growth-promoting effect of potassium-solubilizing microorganisms on some crop species. In Potassium solubilizing microorganisms for sustainable agriculture(pp. 31-42). Springer, New Delhi.
Zhou, Y., Yang, H., Mosler, H. J. and Abbaspour, K. C. (2010). Factors affecting farmers' decisions on fertilizer use: A case study for the Chaobai watershed in Northern China. Consilience, (4), 80-102