In vitro and in vivo tests of Bacillus licheniformis MGrP1 antibiotics culture filtrate as a potential biocontrol agent against bean anthracnose
Abstract
Intensified agricultural production coupled with the heavy use of chemicals for crop protection has been practiced for a while as the only way through which food and nutrition security can be achieved for human welfare and economic growth. The excessive use of these broad-spectrum chemicals has resulted in a variety of harmful effects to the environment. Biological control involving the introduction of specific organisms that are natural antagonists or their metabolites to reduce disease, such as members of the genus Bacillus, represents the best alternative to disease control using chemicals. Bacillus licheniformis strain MGrP1 produced antibiotics in liquid media containing soyabean meal and mannitol that Inhibited the growth of the plant pathogens of agricultural importance, namely: Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Bean anthracnose), C. kahawae (Coffee berry disease), Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli (Fusarium yellow) and Alternaria solani (Early blight). Paper chromatography combined with bioautography revealed two thermostable active compounds whose activity was optimal at pH 6. In vitro tests clearly displayed the antibiotics culture filtrate’s ability to inhibit the growth of the phytopathogens on artificial medium. This was attested to in vivo when it significantly delayed and suppressed (p ≤ 0.05) the development of bean anthracnose caused by C. lindemuthianum on bean leaves.
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